T5C · Components, impedance and power

Capacitance, Inductance, Impedance & Power

Four relationships and a few units cover this Technician group.

Practical takeaway

Capacitors store energy in an electric field, inductors in a magnetic field, impedance is opposition to AC current, and electrical power is voltage times current.

Technician exam focus

Know the names and units, the proper kHz/MHz abbreviations, what impedance means, and three straightforward DC power calculations.

1. Capacitance and inductance

CapacitanceStores energy in an electric fieldfarad (F)
InductanceStores energy in a magnetic fieldhenry (H)

A capacitor uses conductive surfaces separated by an insulator. An inductor is commonly a coil of wire. For Technician T5C, the important pairing is electric field → capacitance → farad and magnetic field → inductance → henry.

2. Impedance

Impedance is opposition to AC current flow. Its unit is the ohm (Ω), the same unit used for resistance. For the Technician exam, that definition is enough; the deeper reactance details can wait until you want them.

3. RF units

kHz is kilohertz and MHz is megahertz. The letter case matters: lowercase k for kilo, uppercase M for mega, and Hz for hertz.

4. DC power

P = E × IPower (watts) = voltage (volts) × current (amperes)

When division is needed, P stays on top: E = P ÷ I and I = P ÷ E.

13.8 V × 10 A= 138 W
12 V × 2.5 A= 30 W
120 W ÷ 12 V= 10 A

T5C checklist

  • Capacitance → electric field → farad.
  • Inductance → magnetic field → henry.
  • Impedance → opposition to AC current → ohms.
  • Correct symbols: kHz and MHz.
  • P = E × I; if dividing, P is the numerator.
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